The marine ecosystem, covering over 70% of the Earth's surface, is one of the most vital and complex components of our planet’s biosphere. It consists of interconnected oceanic environments including coral reefs, open seas, coastal estuaries, and deep-sea trenches, each playing a critical role in maintaining ecological balance and supporting biodiversity. Marine life ranges from microscopic plankton to the largest animals on Earth, like the blue whale. Oceans not only provide a habitat for millions of species but also regulate the Earth’s climate by absorbing vast amounts of carbon dioxide and distributing heat through ocean currents. Phytoplankton in marine waters contribute to more than half of the global oxygen supply through photosynthesis, making the marine ecosystem indispensable to life on land. Additionally, marine ecosystems support the livelihoods of over three billion people globally through fisheries, aquaculture, tourism, and marine biotechnology.