SAIL

Company Overview

SAIL is a large Maharatna public sector undertaking (PSU) owned by the Government of India, under the Ministry of Steel. It is one of India’s biggest steel producers with a broad product range (flat, long steel, special steels etc.). Operates multiple integrated steel plants (like Bhilai, Rourkela, Bokaro, Burnpur (IISCO), Durgapur etc.) plus special steel and ferro-alloy plants. Key Business Activities Steel Production & Sales: Produces hot metal/steel from its integrated plants; sells steel for construction, infrastructure, railways, defence, automotive etc. Raw Material Sourcing: Has captive mines for iron ore and coal to feed its plants, but also depends partly on external/raw-material imports especially where captive supply is constrained (e.g. coking coal). Modernisation & Capex: Upgrading existing plants, expanding capacities (both greenfield & brownfield) to meet demand and improve efficiencies. Technology & Sustainability Moves: Working on adopting greener technologies including trials in hydrogen-based steelmaking, carbon capture/use, renewable energy inputs, digitalization in plant operations, etc. Recent Developments For FY 25, net profit dropped (~23%) relative to the prior year, even as revenue remained over ₹1 lakh crore. In Q4 FY25, profit rose ~11% YoY; the company declared a dividend. Capex for FY26 has been increased to around ₹7,500 crore, up ~25%, focused on expanding capacity (e.g. at IISCO), reducing dependence on imports for critical raw materials, and sustainability / decarbonization. SAIL is pushing digital transformation (e.g. working with ABB India to build digital twins for furnaces etc.). Also emphasising green steel and environmental responsibility in new projects (renewable energy, CCUS etc.). Strengths Strong government backing and strategic importance, especially as India pushes infrastructure growth, defence self-reliance, etc.