India remains a global heavyweight in the cotton sector as the only nation cultivating all four recognized cotton species, holding the top spot in cultivated area and ranking second worldwide in production and consumption. Driven by domestic demand of 328 lakh bales and an annual production of 290.91 lakh bales in 2025–26, the industry accounts for nearly 19% of global fiber output. Beyond generating over ₹98,166 crore ($11.61 billion) in export revenue during FY25, the sector serves as a vital economic engine—sustaining around 60 lakh farmers and providing employment to another 4 to 5 crore people across processing, textile manufacturing, and trade. To boost output, quality, and market access, the government has introduced targeted programs, led by the five-year Mission for Cotton Productivity (2025–26) with a budget of ₹5,659.22 crore ($640.36 million). This mission aims to raise annual production to 498 lakh bales by 2031, directly benefiting 32 lakh farmers across 140 districts. Support is further bolstered by public procurement through the Cotton Corporation of India, which purchased over 105 lakh bales under Minimum Support Price operations in 2025–26. Modernization efforts like the Kapas Kisan app and Kasturi Cotton Bharat's blockchain and QR-based tracing systems are simultaneously improving transparency, traceability, and international competitiveness across the supply chain. $VTL $KPRMILL $AMBIKCO

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